According to attribution theory, how can we help children persist?

• A. Help them believe they are competent.
• B. Help them believe things happen based on luck.
• C. Tell them to give up when they fail at something.
• D. Tell them natural talent, not effort, determines success.

Answer: (A)

Helping children believe they are competent aligns with attribution theory, which emphasizes the importance of how individuals explain failures and successes to themselves. When children view themselves as capable, they are more likely to attribute their successes to their own skills and efforts, leading to increased persistence in overcoming challenges.

This sense of competence fosters a growth mindset, where children understand that their abilities can improve through practice and effort. They are encouraged to tackle difficulties as opportunities for growth rather than threats to their self-worth, which ultimately motivates them to keep trying even in the face of setbacks. Developing this self-efficacy is crucial in promoting resilience and a long-term positive attitude toward learning.